Heat olive oil in a large pot or Dutch oven over medium heat. Add onion and cook until softened, about 5 minutes. Add garlic and cook for 1 minute more.
Add cauliflower, corn, chipotle peppers, cumin, and smoked paprika to the pot. Stir to combine.
Pour in vegetable broth and bring to a boil. Reduce heat and simmer for 15-20 minutes, or until cauliflower is tender.
Carefully transfer the soup to a blender (or use an immersion blender) and blend until smooth.
Return the soup to the pot and stir in coconut milk. Heat through, but do not boil.